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Electric Charge - Fundamentals of Electricity

Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter and it is a key concept in the study of electricity. Here's a basic understanding of electric charge and its characteristics:

1. Definition:

Electric charge is a property of subatomic particles such as electrons and protons that gives rise to electric forces. There are two types of electric charge: positive and negative.

2. Types of Electric Charge:

• Positive Charge: Protons carry a positive electric charge. In the context of electric charge interactions positive charges repel each other.
• Negative Charge: Electrons carry a negative electric charge. Negative charges also repel each other.

3. Conservation of Electric Charge:

The principle of conservation of electric charge states that the total electric charge in an isolated system remains constant. Electric charge is neither created nor destroyed but can be transferred between objects.

4. Coulomb's Law:

Coulomb's law describes the force between two electric charges. The force is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

5. Creation of Electric Charge:

Electric charge can be created through processes such as friction conduction and induction. When certain materials are rubbed together electrons may be transferred resulting in a net electric charge on the materials.

6. Units of Electric Charge:

The unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C). One coulomb is equivalent to the charge transported by a current of one ampere in one second.

7. Conductors and Insulators:

Materials are classified as conductors or insulators based on their ability to allow or restrict the flow of electric charge. Conductors such as metals allow the easy flow of charge while insulators such as rubber or glass impede the flow.

8. Electric Fields:

Electric charges create electric fields in the space around them. The strength and direction of these fields depend on the nature and arrangement of the charges.

Understanding electric charge is fundamental to comprehending the behavior of electric currents the functioning of electronic devices and the principles that govern electricity in various natural and technological contexts.